In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a type of artificial fertilization. In IVF, fertilization of the egg takes place outside the body. At the beginning of the procedure, the woman’s ovaries need to be stimulated with the help of hormones to mature an egg. By means of ultrasound, the progress is monitored in the fertility center or in the gynecological practice. Once the eggs have matured, ovulation can be artificially induced.
In the best case, five to ten oocytes can then be removed via the vagina and transferred to a growth medium. There, the eggs then meet the prepared sperm of the partner, this is usually collected by masturbation. After a day in the warm incubator, it can be checked under the microscope whether the in vitro fertilization was successful. If this is the case, the doctor can transfer a maximum of three embryos to the woman’s uterus after one or two days.
The use of reproductive technology and the handling of embryos are regulated in Germany by the Embryo Protection Act. According to the law, the fertilized egg is considered an embryo from the moment of nucleus fusion. In Germany, a maximum of three eggs, fertilized in the laboratory may mature into embryos. The parents decide beforehand whether to have one, two or three embryos. The more, the higher the success rate, but also the probability of having twins or even triplets.